Rabu, 07 Maret 2012

Entities


Character entity references, or entities for short, provide a method of entering characters that cannot be expressed in the document's character encoding or that cannot easily be entered on a keyboard. Entities are case-sensitive and take the form &name;. Examples of entities include © for the copyright symbol and Α for the Greek capital letter alpha.
In addition to entities, authors can use numeric character references. While entities are limited to a subset of Unicode characters, numeric character references can specify any character. Numeric character references may be given in decimal or hexadecimal, though browser support is stronger for decimal references. Decimal references are of the form &#number; while hexadecimal references take the case-insensitive form &#xnumber;. Examples of numeric character references include © or © for the copyright symbol, Α or Α for the Greek capital letter alpha, and ا or ا for the Arabic letter ALEF.
The following documents feature tables of the character entity references in HTML�4.0, along with the numeric character reference in decimal and hexadecimal. A rendering of each character reference is provided so that users may check their browsers' compliance.

Latin-1 Entities

The following table gives the character entity reference, decimal character reference, and hexadecimal character reference for 8-bit characters in the Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) character set, as well as the rendering of each in your browser. Glyphs of the characters are available at the Unicode Consortium.
Browser support is generally best for the decimal character references, except for the accented characters (decimal 192-214, 216-246, 248-255), where the character entity references hold a slight edge.
Note that most Mac browsers will render fourteen Latin-1 characters incorrectly. These characters are decimal 166, 178, 179, 185, 188, 189, 190, 208, 215, 221, 222, 240, 253, and 254. See ISO-8859-1 and the Mac platform for more information.
Character Entity Decimal Hex Rendering in Your Browser
Entity Decimal Hex
no-break space = non-breaking space            
inverted exclamation mark ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
cent sign ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢
pound sign £ £ £ £ £ £
currency sign ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
yen sign = yuan sign ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
broken bar = broken vertical bar ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
section sign § § § § § §
diaeresis = spacing diaeresis ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
copyright sign © © © © © ©
feminine ordinal indicator ª ª ª ª ª ª
left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet « « « « « «
not sign = discretionary hyphen ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬
soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­
registered sign = registered trade mark sign ® ® ® ® ® ®
macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
degree sign ° ° ° ° ° °
plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign ± ± ± ± ± ±
superscript two = superscript digit two = squared ² ² ² ² ² ²
superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
acute accent = spacing acute ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
micro sign µ µ µ µ µ µ
pilcrow sign = paragraph sign ¶ ¶ ¶
middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot · · · · · ·
cedilla = spacing cedilla ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
superscript one = superscript digit one ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹
masculine ordinal indicator º º º º º º
right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet » » » » » »
vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½
vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
inverted question mark = turned question mark ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
Latin capital letter A with grave = Latin capital letter A grave À À À À À À
Latin capital letter A with acute Á Á Á Á Á Á
Latin capital letter A with circumflex      Â
Latin capital letter A with tilde à à à à à Ã
Latin capital letter A with diaeresis Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä
Latin capital letter A with ring above = Latin capital letter A ring Å Å Å Å Å Å
Latin capital letter AE = Latin capital ligature AE Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ
Latin capital letter C with cedilla Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç
Latin capital letter E with grave È È È È È È
Latin capital letter E with acute É É É É É É
Latin capital letter E with circumflex Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê
Latin capital letter E with diaeresis Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë
Latin capital letter I with grave Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì Ì
Latin capital letter I with acute Í Í Í Í Í Í
Latin capital letter I with circumflex Î Î Î Î Î Î
Latin capital letter I with diaeresis Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï
Latin capital letter ETH Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð
Latin capital letter N with tilde Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ
Latin capital letter O with grave Ò Ò Ò Ò Ò Ò
Latin capital letter O with acute Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó
Latin capital letter O with circumflex Ô Ô Ô Ô Ô Ô
Latin capital letter O with tilde Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ
Latin capital letter O with diaeresis Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö
multiplication sign × × × × × ×
Latin capital letter O with stroke = Latin capital letter O slash Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø
Latin capital letter U with grave Ù Ù Ù Ù Ù Ù
Latin capital letter U with acute Ú Ú Ú Ú Ú Ú
Latin capital letter U with circumflex Û Û Û Û Û Û
Latin capital letter U with diaeresis Ü Ü Ü Ü Ü Ü
Latin capital letter Y with acute Ý Ý Ý Ý Ý Ý
Latin capital letter THORN Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ
Latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed ß ß ß ß ß ß
Latin small letter a with grave = Latin small letter a grave à à à à à à
Latin small letter a with acute á á á á á á
Latin small letter a with circumflex â â â â â â
Latin small letter a with tilde ã ã ã ã ã ã
Latin small letter a with diaeresis ä ä ä ä ä ä
Latin small letter a with ring above = Latin small letter a ring å å å å å å
Latin small letter ae = Latin small ligature ae æ æ æ æ æ æ
Latin small letter c with cedilla ç ç ç ç ç ç
Latin small letter e with grave è è è è è è
Latin small letter e with acute é é é é é é
Latin small letter e with circumflex ê ê ê ê ê ê
Latin small letter e with diaeresis ë ë ë ë ë ë
Latin small letter i with grave ì ì ì ì ì ì
Latin small letter i with acute í í í í í í
Latin small letter i with circumflex î î î î î î
Latin small letter i with diaeresis ï ï ï ï ï ï
Latin small letter eth ð ð ð ð ð ð
Latin small letter n with tilde ñ ñ ñ ñ ñ ñ
Latin small letter o with grave ò ò ò ò ò ò
Latin small letter o with acute ó ó ó ó ó ó
Latin small letter o with circumflex ô ô ô ô ô ô
Latin small letter o with tilde õ õ õ õ õ õ
Latin small letter o with diaeresis ö ö ö ö ö ö
division sign ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
Latin small letter o with stroke = Latin small letter o slash ø ø ø ø ø ø
Latin small letter u with grave ù ù ù ù ù ù
Latin small letter u with acute ú ú ú ú ú ú
Latin small letter u with circumflex û û û û û û
Latin small letter u with diaeresis ü ü ü ü ü ü
Latin small letter y with acute ý ý ý ý ý ý
Latin small letter thorn þ þ þ þ þ þ
Latin small letter y with diaeresis ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ

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